Continuous Delivery

How Do You Design a Rollback Strategy for Schema Migrations?

A safe rollback strategy pairs every forward migration with a tested, reversible 'down' script or an expand-contract sequence, so a failed deploy can restore t…

What Makes a Database Migration Idempotent, and Why Does It Matter?

An idempotent migration produces the same final schema and data state no matter how many times it is run or re-run, so retries after a partial failure never du…

How Do You Manage Seed Data Across Environments?

Seed data should be managed as versioned, idempotent scripts checked into source control, with a clear split between environment-agnostic reference data needed…

How Would You Design a Feature Flag System?

A feature flag system decouples code deployment from feature release by storing flag state in a fast, centrally managed store that services poll or subscribe t…

How Do Feature Flags Work in Frontend Development?

Feature flags are runtime configuration switches that let a frontend team ship code to production behind a conditional check, so a feature can be turned on or…

What is CI/CD?

CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery/Deployment — a practice where developers merge code frequently into a shared branch (CI), trigg…

Continuous Integration vs Continuous Deployment

Continuous Integration (CI) is the practice of frequently merging code into a shared branch with each merge automatically built and tested, while Continuous De…

What is Argo CD and How Does GitOps Deployment Work?

Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes that continuously compares the live cluster state against manifests stored in a Git re…

What is Spinnaker and How Does It Orchestrate Multi-Cloud Deployments?

Spinnaker is an open-source, multi-cloud continuous delivery platform that models deployments as configurable pipelines of stages — bake, deploy, canary analys…

What are Feature Toggles (Feature Flags)?

A feature toggle, also called a feature flag, is a runtime conditional that lets a team turn a piece of functionality on or off without deploying new code, dec…

What is the Deployment Frequency Metric?

Deployment frequency is one of the four key DORA metrics that measures how often an organization successfully ships code to production, with elite-performing t…