Single sign-on lets a user authenticate once with a trusted identity provider and gain access to multiple separate applications without logging in again at each one, and three standards dominate how this actually works: SAML, an older XML-based protocol common in enterprise environments; OAuth 2.0, which is fundamentally an authorization framework for granting limited access to resources, not an authentication protocol itself; and OpenID Connect, a thin identity layer built directly on top of OAuth 2.0 that adds the actual authentication piece OAuth alone lacks.
Analogy🏏Cricket
💪 Think of it like fitness: injuries follow a predictable chain — poor warm-up, then form breakdown, then compensation, then the actual tear — and a good physio catalogs where each patient's chain can be interrupted early, rather than only treating the tear afterward. MITRE ATT&CK is the sports-medicine literature of intrusions: a public catalog of every observed breakdown pattern, organized by the stage it serves — how attackers get in, how they escalate, how they extract. Coaches worldwide describe an athlete's risk in that shared vocabulary. This reveals ATT&CK's real value: intrusions become a sequence you can interrupt at stage two, not a disaster you discover at stage five.