Kubernetes

Flux

Flux is a GitOps toolkit for Kubernetes that continuously synchronizes cluster state with configuration stored in a Git repository, using Git as the single sou…

Go

Go (or Golang) is an open-source, statically typed, compiled programming language created by Google in 2009. It emphasizes simplicity, fast compilation, and bu…

Google Cloud

Google Cloud (Google Cloud Platform, GCP) is Google's suite of public cloud computing services, offering compute, storage, networking, databases, machine learn…

DigitalOcean

DigitalOcean is a cloud infrastructure provider known for simple, developer-friendly virtual machines ("Droplets"), managed databases, and Kubernetes, aimed at…

Docker

Docker is an open platform for developing, packaging, and running applications inside lightweight, portable containers that bundle code together with all of it…

Kubernetes

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, networking, and management of containerized applications…

Terraform

Terraform is HashiCorp's open-source infrastructure-as-code tool for defining, provisioning, and managing cloud and on-premises infrastructure through declarat…

Jenkins

Jenkins is a widely used open-source automation server that lets teams build, test, and deploy software automatically through configurable CI/CD pipelines.

Helm

Helm is the package manager for Kubernetes, letting teams define, install, and upgrade even the most complex Kubernetes applications using reusable, versioned…

GitHub Actions

GitHub Actions is GitHub's built-in CI/CD automation platform that runs workflows — defined as YAML files in a repository — to build, test, and deploy code in…

GitLab CI

GitLab CI/CD is the continuous integration and delivery system built into GitLab, configured via a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file in a repository. It defines pipelines…

Prometheus

Prometheus is an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit that collects time-series metrics from applications and infrastructure, queried through its own Pr…

Grafana

Grafana is an open-source analytics and visualization platform for building dashboards over metrics, logs, and traces from many different data sources.

Ansible

Ansible is an open-source, agentless IT automation tool that uses simple YAML-based 'playbooks' to configure systems, deploy applications, and orchestrate mult…

Windmill

Windmill is an open-source developer platform for building internal tools, workflows, and scripts, turning Python, TypeScript, Go, or Bash scripts into schedul…

YugabyteDB

YugabyteDB is an open-source, distributed SQL database designed for cloud-native applications, offering horizontal scalability with PostgreSQL wire compatibili…

Caprover

CapRover is a free, open-source Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) that lets developers self-host and deploy web apps, APIs, and databases on their own servers using…

Chainguard

Chainguard is a software supply chain security company that produces minimal, hardened, and continuously rebuilt container images designed to eliminate known v…

Chef

Chef is an infrastructure-as-code automation platform that lets teams define server configuration — packages, services, files, users — as Ruby-based "recipes"…

Consul

Consul is a service networking tool from HashiCorp that provides service discovery, health checking, a distributed key-value store, and service mesh capabiliti…

CoreDNS

CoreDNS is a flexible, plugin-based DNS server written in Go that serves as the default DNS provider for service discovery inside Kubernetes clusters.

CockroachDB

CockroachDB is an open-source, distributed SQL database designed to survive machine, rack, and datacenter failures while providing strong ACID consistency and…

Harbor

Harbor is an open-source, cloud-native container registry that stores, signs, and scans container images and other OCI artifacts, adding enterprise security an…

Istio

Istio is an open-source service mesh that adds traffic management, security, and observability to microservices running on Kubernetes, without requiring change…

Cluster Managers: YARN and Kubernetes

Learn how Apache Spark integrates with YARN and Kubernetes to acquire and manage cluster resources for distributed jobs.

Deploying Flink on Kubernetes

Understand the native Kubernetes deployment modes for Flink, how the Flink Kubernetes Operator manages job lifecycle, and key production configuration.

Airflow with Docker and Kubernetes

How Airflow runs in containerized environments — Docker Compose for local development, and KubernetesExecutor / KubernetesPodOperator for isolated, scalable pr…

Executors: Local, Celery, Kubernetes

Comparing Airflow's LocalExecutor, CeleryExecutor, and KubernetesExecutor for running task instances at different scales.

Orchestrating Microservices with Kubernetes

Learn how Kubernetes deploys, scales, heals, and load-balances containerized microservices using Deployments, Services, and self-healing controllers.

Google Kubernetes Engine Basics

Learn the fundamentals of GKE, Google's managed Kubernetes service, including clusters, nodes, workloads, and Autopilot mode.

Cluster Autoscaling

Learn how the Cluster Autoscaler adds and removes worker nodes so Pod-level autoscalers always have capacity to grow into.

Custom Resource Definitions

How CustomResourceDefinitions let you extend the Kubernetes API with your own resource types, including schema validation, versioning, and subresources.

DaemonSets Explained

How DaemonSets guarantee exactly one pod per matching node for node-level infrastructure like log collectors, monitoring agents, and CNI plugins.

Deployments In Depth

How Kubernetes Deployments manage ReplicaSets to deliver declarative rolling updates, rollbacks, and self-healing for stateless workloads.

Dynamic Provisioning

See how Kubernetes automatically creates storage volumes on demand via CSI provisioners instead of requiring admins to pre-create PVs.

etcd Explained

A focused look at etcd, the distributed key-value store that backs Kubernetes cluster state, covering Raft consensus, its data model, and operational best prac…

Helm Charts Explained

Helm is the package manager for Kubernetes, and charts are the templated bundles of manifests it installs, upgrades, and rolls back as a single versioned relea…

Horizontal Pod Autoscaling

Learn how Kubernetes automatically scales the number of Pod replicas in and out based on CPU, memory, and custom metrics.

Ingress Controllers

How Ingress resources describe HTTP routing rules and how Ingress controllers like NGINX, Traefik, and cloud ALB controllers actually fulfill them, including T…

Jobs and CronJobs

How Kubernetes Jobs run pods to completion for batch work, and how CronJobs schedule Jobs to run on a recurring time-based schedule.

Advanced Kubernetes Interview Questions

A study guide of advanced Kubernetes interview topics spanning scheduling internals, networking, RBAC, and operational judgment expected at senior and staff le…

The Kubernetes Control Plane In Depth

A deep dive into the components that make up the Kubernetes control plane—kube-apiserver, etcd, scheduler, and controller manager—and how they work together to…

The Kubernetes Networking Model

How Kubernetes guarantees flat, NAT-free Pod-to-Pod connectivity and how CNI plugins and kube-proxy implement that contract.

Kubernetes Operators Explained

What a Kubernetes Operator is, how it combines a CustomResourceDefinition with a controller to automate operational knowledge, and patterns for building one re…

Kubernetes RBAC

Role-Based Access Control governs who can do what to which Kubernetes resources, using Roles, ClusterRoles, and Bindings to enforce least privilege.

Kubernetes Troubleshooting

A systematic approach to diagnosing failing pods, networking issues, and cluster-level problems using kubectl, events, and logs as your primary evidence.

Network Policies

How Kubernetes NetworkPolicy locks down the default flat, open Pod network using default-deny baselines, selector-based rules, and CNI-dependent enforcement.

Node Affinity and Taints

Learn how node affinity pulls Pods toward specific nodes while taints and tolerations repel or dedicate nodes for specific workloads.

Kubernetes Cheat Sheet

kubectl commands, pod management, deployments, and cluster operations.

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Cheat Sheet

Commands and concepts for provisioning, scaling, and managing Kubernetes clusters on Azure with AKS.

Kubernetes on Cloud (EKS/AKS/GKE) Cheat Sheet

Compares AWS EKS, Azure AKS, and Google GKE managed Kubernetes offerings and shows cluster creation commands for each.

Helm Cheat Sheet

Reference for Helm chart structure, templating syntax, values files, and helm CLI commands for packaging Kubernetes applications.

Podman Cheat Sheet

Daemonless container commands with Podman, covering rootless containers, pods, and Docker-compatible CLI usage.

Canary Deployment Cheat Sheet

Techniques for gradually shifting production traffic to a new version while monitoring metrics to catch regressions early.

Kubernetes Networking Cheat Sheet

Core Kubernetes networking concepts including Services, DNS, NetworkPolicies, and Ingress for controlling pod-to-pod traffic.

Kubernetes Storage (PV/PVC) Cheat Sheet

How PersistentVolumes, PersistentVolumeClaims, and StorageClasses provide durable, dynamically provisioned storage to pods.

Kubernetes RBAC Cheat Sheet

Configuring Role-Based Access Control with Roles, ClusterRoles, and bindings to control who can do what in a cluster.

Kubernetes Helm Charts Cheat Sheet

Packaging, templating, and deploying Kubernetes applications with Helm charts, values files, and releases.

Service Mesh (Istio) Cheat Sheet

Core Istio concepts for traffic management, mTLS security, and observability using sidecar proxies in a Kubernetes cluster.

Kubeflow Cheat Sheet

Run ML pipelines, hyperparameter tuning, and model serving on Kubernetes using Kubeflow Pipelines, Katib, and KServe components.

ArgoCD Cheat Sheet

GitOps continuous delivery for Kubernetes: Application CRD syntax, sync policies, App of Apps pattern, and CLI commands.

Flux CD Cheat Sheet

GitOps toolkit for Kubernetes covering GitRepository/Kustomization/HelmRelease CRDs, the flux CLI, and multi-tenancy setup.

Karpenter (Kubernetes Autoscaling) Cheat Sheet

Karpenter node autoprovisioning on Kubernetes covering NodePools, NodeClasses, consolidation, and disruption settings.

Kustomize Cheat Sheet

Kustomize declarative Kubernetes config management covering overlays, patches, generators, and common CLI commands.

Kubernetes Operators Cheat Sheet

Kubernetes Operator pattern covering CRDs, controller reconcile loops, Kubebuilder/Operator SDK scaffolding, and status subresources.

Container Security Hardening Cheat Sheet

Dockerfile hardening, image scanning, runtime restrictions, and Kubernetes security contexts to reduce container attack surface.

What are Linux Namespaces and OS-Level Virtualization?

Linux namespaces are a kernel feature that partitions a single global resource — process IDs, network interfaces, mounts, hostnames, users, and more — into iso…

What are Control Groups (cgroups) and How Do They Limit Resources?

Control groups, or cgroups, are a Linux kernel feature that organizes processes into hierarchical groups and enforces limits, accounting, and prioritization on…

What Is a Distributed Operating System?

A distributed operating system manages a collection of independent, networked computers and presents them to users and applications as a single coherent system…

What is Service Discovery in Microservices?

Service discovery is the mechanism by which services in a distributed system automatically find the current network location of other services, since instances…

What is the Sidecar Pattern in Microservices?

The sidecar pattern deploys a helper process alongside a main application container, sharing its lifecycle and network namespace, so that cross-cutting infrast…

How Does Horizontal Pod Autoscaling Work in Kubernetes?

The Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) in Kubernetes automatically increases or decreases the number of pod replicas in a deployment by periodically comparing obs…

What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates deploying, scaling, and managing containerized applications across a cluster of ma…

What is Docker?

Docker is a platform that packages an application together with its dependencies, libraries, and runtime into a lightweight, portable unit called a container,…

What is a Docker Image vs a Container?

A Docker image is a read-only, layered blueprint containing the application code, dependencies, and configuration, while a container is a running, writable ins…

What is a Dockerfile?

A Dockerfile is a plain-text script of sequential instructions that tells the Docker engine exactly how to assemble a Docker image, layer by layer.

Blue-Green vs Canary Deployment

Blue-green deployment runs two full, identical production environments and switches all traffic from the old (blue) to the new (green) version at once, while c…

What is a Kubernetes Pod?

A Kubernetes Pod is the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes — a group of one or more tightly coupled containers that share the same network namespace, IP ad…

What is Container Orchestration?

Container orchestration is the automated management of how, when, and where containers run across a cluster of machines — handling scheduling, scaling, network…

What is GitOps?

GitOps is an operational practice where a Git repository is the single source of truth for declarative infrastructure and application configuration, and an aut…

What is a Helm Chart?

A Helm chart is a packaged, versioned bundle of Kubernetes manifest templates plus a values file that lets you configure and install a complete application ont…

What is a Service Mesh?

A service mesh is an infrastructure layer that handles service-to-service communication for you by injecting a lightweight proxy alongside every service instan…

What is Log Aggregation?

Log aggregation is the practice of collecting log output from many distributed services, containers, and hosts into one centralized system where it can be sear…

What Is Horizontal Pod Autoscaling?

Horizontal Pod Autoscaling (HPA) is a Kubernetes controller that automatically increases or decreases the number of pod replicas in a deployment based on obser…

What Is a Rolling Update?

A rolling update is a deployment strategy that incrementally replaces old instances of an application with new ones, a few at a time, so the service remains av…

What Is a Kubernetes Secret?

A Kubernetes Secret is an API object used to store and manage small amounts of sensitive data, such as passwords, API keys, or TLS certificates, separately fro…

What is Docker Compose and When Do You Use It?

Docker Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container applications from a single declarative YAML file, letting you start, stop, and network an ent…

What is a Container Runtime?

A container runtime is the low-level software component that actually creates, starts, and manages the lifecycle of a container on a host by configuring Linux…

What Are Distroless Images?

Distroless images are minimal container base images that contain only an application and its direct runtime dependencies — no shell, package manager, or OS uti…

What is the Difference Between ENTRYPOINT and CMD?

ENTRYPOINT defines the fixed, always-executed command a container runs, while CMD supplies default arguments to that command (or a default full command if no E…