Client Server

What are Sockets as an IPC Mechanism?

A socket is a bidirectional communication endpoint, addressed by the kernel’s networking or Unix-domain stack, that lets two processes exchange data using the…

What is NFS (Network File System)?

NFS (Network File System) is a protocol that lets a client machine mount a directory exported by a remote server and access its files using the same system cal…

What is a Socket?

A socket is an endpoint for network communication, uniquely identified by the combination of an IP address, a port number, and a transport protocol (TCP or UDP…

HTTP Status Codes Explained in Detail

HTTP status codes are three-digit responses that classify the outcome of a request into five families — 1xx informational, 2xx success, 3xx redirection, 4xx cl…

REST vs GraphQL: What Is the Difference?

REST exposes fixed, resource-shaped endpoints where the server decides what each response contains, while GraphQL exposes a single endpoint with a typed schema…

What is an HTTP Status Code?

An HTTP status code is a three-digit number returned by a server in every HTTP response, grouped by its first digit into a class (1xx informational, 2xx succes…

What is API Versioning?

API versioning is the practice of labeling breaking changes to an API with a distinct version identifier — in the URL, a header, or a query parameter — so exis…

HTTP Methods: Safe vs. Idempotent, What Is the Difference?

Safe means an HTTP method must not change server state at all, while idempotent means repeating the same request any number of times leaves the server in the s…

What Do the HTTP Status Code Families Mean?

HTTP status codes are grouped into five families by their leading digit — 1xx informational, 2xx success, 3xx redirection, 4xx client error, and 5xx server err…

What Are Optimistic UI Updates and How Do You Implement Them?

Optimistic UI updates mean the interface applies the expected result of an action immediately, before the server confirms it, and only rolls back to the previo…

How Do Web Push Notifications Work?

Web push notifications work by having the browser generate a unique subscription endpoint tied to a push service, which the app’s server later calls with an en…

What Are Form Validation Strategies on the Web?

Robust web form validation layers three checks: instant client-side feedback using HTML constraint attributes and JavaScript for UX, and authoritative server-s…

Monolithic vs Microservice: How Does the Frontend Integrate?

In a monolithic backend the frontend talks to one deployable service that owns the whole domain, whereas in a microservice backend the frontend must aggregate…

What Is the Backend-for-Frontend (BFF) Pattern?

The Backend-for-Frontend pattern is a dedicated server layer, owned by the frontend team, that sits between a specific client (web, mobile, etc.) and the under…